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responsibility for some two-dozen arson attacks and low-level bomb-
ings targeting a range of US, Greek, and other European targets in
Greece. In its most infamous and lethal attack to date, the group
claimed responsibility for a bomb it detonated at the Intercontinental
Hotel in April 1999 that resulted in the death of a Greek woman and
injured a Greek man. Its modus operandi includes warning calls of
impending attacks, attacks targeting property vice individuals, use
of rudimentary timing devices, and strikes during the late
evening to early morning hours. RN may have been responsible for
two attacks in July against a US insurance company and a local bank
in Athens. RN s last confirmed attack against US interests in Greece
was in November 2000 with two separate bombings against the
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APPENDIX 1 " PROFILES OF ISLAMIC EXTREMIST AND INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS AND STATE SPONSORS 429
Athens offices of Citigroup and the studio of a Greek/American
sculptor. Greek targets have included judicial and other government
office buildings, private vehicles, and the offices of Greek firms
involved in NATO-related defense contracts in Greece. Similarly, the
group has attacked European interests in Athens, including Barclays
Bank in December 1998 and November 2000.
STRENGTH
Group membership is believed to be small, probably drawing from
the Greek militant leftist or anarchist milieu.
LOCATION/AREA OF OPERATION
Primary area of operation is in the Athens metropolitan area.
EXTERNAL AID
Unknown but believed to be self-sustaining.
Revolutionary Organization 17 November a.k.a. 17 November
DESCRIPTION
Radical leftist group established in 1975 and named for the student
uprising in Greece in November 1973 that protested the ruling mili-
tary junta. Anti-Greek establishment, anti-United States, anti-Turkey,
and anti-NATO group that seeks the ouster of US bases from Greece,
the removal of Turkish military forces from Cyprus, and the severing
of Greece s ties to NATO and the European Union (EU). . . .
ACTIVITIES
Initially conducted assassinations of senior US officials and Greek
public figures. Added bombings in the 1980s. Since 1990 has
expanded its targets to include EU facilities and foreign firms invest-
ing in Greece and has added improvised rocket attacks to its meth-
ods. Supports itself largely through bank robberies. A failed 17
November bombing attempt in June 2002 at the Port of Piraeus in
Athens coupled with robust detective work led to the first-ever
arrests of this group. In December 2003, a Greek court convicted 15
members five of whom were given multiple life terms of hun-
dreds of crimes. Four other alleged members were acquitted because
of a lack of evidence.
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430 APPENDIXES
STRENGTH
Unknown but presumed to be small. Police arrested 19 suspected
members of the group in 2002.
LOCATION/AREA OF OPERATION
Athens, Greece.
EXTERNAL AID
Unknown.
Conflict in Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Colombia and
DESCRIPTION
Narco-Terrorism
Growing out of the turmoil and fighting in the 1950s between liberal
and conservative militias, the FARC was established in 1964 by the
Colombian Communist Party to defend what were then
autonomous Communist-controlled rural areas. The FARC is Latin
America s oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped insur-
gency of Marxist origin. Although only nominally fighting in sup-
port of Marxist goals today, the FARC is governed by a general
secretariat led by longtime leader Manuel Marulanda (a.k.a.  Tirofi
jo ) and six others, including senior military commander Jorge
Briceno (a.k.a.  Mono Jojoy ). It is organized along military lines
and includes several units that operate mostly in key urban areas
such as Bogota. In 2003, the FARC conducted several high profile
terrorist attacks, including a February car-bombing of a Bogota
nightclub that killed more than 30 persons and wounded more than
160, as well as a November grenade attack in Bogota s restaurant
district that wounded three Americans. . . .
ACTIVITIES
Bombings, murder, mortar attacks, narcotrafficking, kidnapping,
extortion, hijacking, as well as guerrilla and conventional military
action against Colombian political, military, and economic targets. In
March 1999, the FARC executed three US Indian rights activists on
Venezuelan territory after it kidnapped them in Colombia. In
February 2003, the FARC captured and continues to hold three US
contractors and killed one other American and a Colombian when
their plane crashed in Florencia. Foreign citizens often are targets of [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]